Linear Circuit Analysis


Current Source Combinations

Series

Current sources should not be combined in series. What happens if two current sources with different currents are connected in series?

Parallel

If two or more current sources — $I_1$, $I_2$, ..., $I_n$ — are connected in parallel, they can be replaced with a single current source with $$I_{eff}=\pm I_1 \pm I_2\pm...\pm I_n$$ where each term on the right-hand side uses a $+$ sign if the corresponding current source $I_i$ points toward the same node as $I_{eff}$, and a $-$ sign if it points to the opposite node. Since all current sources are connected in parallel, when we replace $I_i$ with $I_{eff}$ the other current sources are removed (i.e. replaced with open circuits).

For instance, consider the circuit in Fig. 1, in which current sources $I_1$, $I_2$, and $I_3$ are connected in parallel. In this circuit, we can keep one current source, say $I_1$, and set its value to $$\begin{equation}I_{1,eff}=I_1-I_2+I_3\end{equation}$$ then remove current sources $I_2$ and $I_3$ from the circuit. Notice that $I_1$ and $I_3$ appear with positive signs above because both $I_1$ and $I_3$ point toward node $v_3$, like $I_{1,eff}$. $I_2$ appears with a negative sign because it points toward node $v_4$ while $I_{1,eff}$ points toward node $v_3$. If we kept current source $I_2$, we would set its value to $$\begin{equation}I_{2,eff}=-I_1+I_2-I_3\end{equation}$$ Here $I_1$ and $I_3$ appear with positive signs because $I_2$ points toward node $v_4$, like $I_{2,eff}$. $I_1$ and $I_3$ appear with negative signs because they point toward node $v_3$ while $I_{2,eff}$ points toward node $v_4$. Similarly, if we kept current source $I_3$, we would set its value to $$\begin{equation}I_{3,eff}=I_1-I_2+I_3\end{equation}$$

I R1 R2 I1 I2 I3 v1 v2 v4 v3 (a) R R1 R2 I1,eff v3 v4 v2 v1 (b) R R1 R2 I2,eff v3 v4 v2 v1 (c) R R1 R2 I3,eff v3 v4 v2 v1 (d)
Fig. 1. When combining multiple current sources that are connected in parallel, we keep one current source and remove the others. The 4 diagrams shown in this figure are equivalent to each other.
See also