Linear Circuit Analysis
1. Introduction
2. Basic Concepts
- Charge, current, and voltage
- Power and energy
- Linear circuits
- Linear components
- Nodes and loops
- Series and parallel
- R, L & C combinations
- V & I combinations
3. Simple Circuits
- Ohm's law
- Kirchhoff's current law
- Kirchhoff's voltage law
- Single loop circuits
- Single node-pair circuits
- Voltage division
- Current division
4. Nodal and Mesh Analysis (DC)
5. Additional Analysis Techniques (DC)
- Superposition
- Source transformation
- The $V_{test}/I_{test}$ method
- Norton equivalent
- Thévenin equivalent
- Max power transfer
- DC analysis of L & C
6. AC Analysis
7. Magnetically Coupled Circuits
8. Polyphase Systems
9. Operational Amplifiers
10. Laplace Transforms
11. Time-Dependent Circuits
- Introduction
- Inductors and capacitors
- First-order transients
- Second-order transients
-
Parallel RLC circuits
Series RLC circuits - Nodal analysis
- Mesh analysis
- Laplace transforms
- Additional techniques
12. Two-Port Networks
Appendix
Current Source Combinations
Series
Current sources should not be combined in series. What happens if two current sources with different currents are connected in series?
Parallel
If two or more current sources — $I_1$, $I_2$, ..., $I_n$ — are connected in parallel, they can be replaced with a single current source with $$I_{eff}=\pm I_1 \pm I_2\pm...\pm I_n$$ where each term on the right-hand side uses a $+$ sign if the corresponding current source $I_i$ points toward the same node as $I_{eff}$, and a $-$ sign if it points to the opposite node. Since all current sources are connected in parallel, when we replace $I_i$ with $I_{eff}$ the other current sources are removed (i.e. replaced with open circuits).
For instance, consider the circuit in Fig. 1, in which current sources $I_1$, $I_2$, and $I_3$ are connected in parallel. In this circuit, we can keep one current source, say $I_1$, and set its value to $$\begin{equation}I_{1,eff}=I_1-I_2+I_3\end{equation}$$ then remove current sources $I_2$ and $I_3$ from the circuit. Notice that $I_1$ and $I_3$ appear with positive signs above because both $I_1$ and $I_3$ point toward node $v_3$, like $I_{1,eff}$. $I_2$ appears with a negative sign because it points toward node $v_4$ while $I_{1,eff}$ points toward node $v_3$. If we kept current source $I_2$, we would set its value to $$\begin{equation}I_{2,eff}=-I_1+I_2-I_3\end{equation}$$ Here $I_1$ and $I_3$ appear with positive signs because $I_2$ points toward node $v_4$, like $I_{2,eff}$. $I_1$ and $I_3$ appear with negative signs because they point toward node $v_3$ while $I_{2,eff}$ points toward node $v_4$. Similarly, if we kept current source $I_3$, we would set its value to $$\begin{equation}I_{3,eff}=I_1-I_2+I_3\end{equation}$$